Effects of non‐thermal atmospheric pressure pulsed plasma on the adhesion and durability of resin composite to dentin

This study investigated the effect of low‐power, non‐thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NT‐APP) treatments, in pulsed and conventional modes, on the adhesion of resin composite to dentin and on the durability of the bond between resin composite and dentin. A pencil‐type NT‐APP jet was applied in pulsed and conventional modes to acid‐etched dentin. The microtensile bond strength (MTBS) of resin composite to dentin was evaluated at 24 h and after thermocycling in one control group (no plasma) and in two experimental groups (pulsed plasma and conventional plasma groups) using the Scotchbond Multi‐Purpose Plus Adhesive System. Data were analyzed using two‐factor repeated‐measures anova and Weibull statistics. Fractured surfaces and the bonded interfaces were evaluated using a field‐emission scanning electron microscope. Although there were no significant differences between the plasma treatment groups, the plasma treatment improved the MTBS compared with the control group. After thermocycling, the MTBS did not decrease in the control or conventional plasma group but increased in the pulsed plasma group. Thermocycling increased the Weibull moduli of plasma‐treated groups. In conclusion, plasma treatment using NT‐APP improved the adhesion of resin composite to dentin. Using a pulsed energy source, the energy delivered to the dentin was effectively reduced without any reduction in bond strength or durability.     

后循环缺血性事件患者预后的临床分析

目的 评估206例后循环缺血性事件患者30d预后,探讨不同病变部位及受累血管与30d预后不良的相关性.方法 收集206例后循环急性脑梗死和短暂性脑缺血发作患者的临床资料.全部患者均在入院时进行美国国立卫生院神经功能缺损量表(NIHSS)、改良Rankin残障量表(MRS)评估,病后30d进行MRS评估,分析患者30d预后;系统评价病变部位及受累血管,并与预后不良进行相关性分析.结果 本组206例,病后30d病死率为4.9%,致残率为18%,颅脑近中远段同时受累(r=9.270,P＜0.001)、基底动脉急性闭塞(r=5.106,P＜0.001)及颅内病变个数＞1个(r=2.491,P＜0.001)的患者预后不良.结论 不同病变部位、血管引起的后循环缺血性事件预后不同,大部分预后良好.     

Establishment and assessment of a novel in vitro bio-PK/PD system in predicting the in vivo pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cyclophosphamide

1.?A novel bio-pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) system was established and assessed in predicting the PK parameters and PD effects of the model drug cyclophosphamide (CP) considering the interrelationships between drug metabolism, pharmacological effects and dynamic blood circulation processes in vitro.

2.?The system contains a peristaltic pump, a reaction chamber with rat liver microsomes (RLMs) encapsulated in pluronic F127–acrylamide–bisacrylamide (FAB) hydrogels, an effector cell chamber and a recirculating pipeline. The metabolism and pharmacological effects of CP (5, 10 and 20?mM) were measured by HPLC and MTT assay. A mathematical model based on mass balance was used to predict the in vitro clearance of CP. In vivo clearance of CP was estimated by in vitro to in vivo extrapolations (IVIVE) and simulations using Simcyp® software.

3.?The predicted in vivo clearance of CP at concentrations of 5, 10 and 20?mM was 11.36, 10.12 and 10.68?mL/min/kg, respectively, within two-fold differences compared with the reported 11.1?mL/min/kg. The survival ratio of effector cells during the metabolism and circulation of CP was significantly enhanced.

4.?This system may serve as an alternative approach to predict in vivo metabolism, pharmacological effects and toxicity of drugs, ensuring an efficient drug screening process.     

七氟醚对成人心脏手术体外循环中肺保护作用的Meta分析

摘要： 目的 用Meta分析的方法评估体外循环 （CPB） 下使用七氟醚对成人心脏手术患者的肺保护作用。方法 用计算机全面检索Cochrane library、 Embase、 PubMed、 Google scholar、 中国知网、 万方、 维普等数据库, 检索的关键词包括： 体外循环、 心脏手术、 肺保护、 七氟醚Meta分析。检索时间截止为2017年12月。获取公开发表的有关在CPB下七氟醚对肺保护的随机对照试验 （RCT） 的文献。由2位研究者单独对入选文献进行质量评价和数据提取, 利用 RevMan5.3进行Meta分析。结果 共入选11篇RCT文献, 440例患者, 其中七氟醚组220例、 全凭静脉麻醉 （TIVA） 组 220例。结果显示, 与TIVA组相比, CPB中使用七氟醚可以有效降低患者血液中白细胞介素 （IL） -6 （P=0.005） 和IL-8 浓度 （P=0.01）, 减少术后气管插管时间 （P＜0.001）。但是2组间肿瘤坏死因子-α （TNF-α） 浓度 （P=0.19）、 肺泡-动脉血氧分压差 ［P（A-a） O2 ］（P=0.68） 和氧合指数OI （P=0.31） 差异无统计学意义。结论 在CPB期间使用七氟醚能够有效降低患者血液中部分炎性因子的浓度, 减少术后气管插管时间, 但尚无足够证据证明在CPB中用七氟醚具有确切的肺保护作用。     

丁苯酞联合脑循环治疗仪对急性脑梗死患者神经功能及脑循环状态的影响

摘 要 目的：探讨丁苯酞注射液联合脑循环治疗仪对急性脑梗死患者神经功能及脑循环状态的影响。方法: 120例急性脑梗死患者随机分为3组,每组40例。C组给予常规治疗;A组给予常规治疗＋丁苯酞注射液治疗;B组给予常规治疗＋丁苯酞注射液＋小脑电刺激治疗。3组均连续治疗21d。评估3组的临床疗效,比较3组治疗前后的NIHSS评分、改良Rankin量表（mRS）评分、双侧大脑中动脉峰值流速（Vp）、平均血流速度（Vm）、双侧差值(Dvp、Dvm)等脑血流动力学参数及血管搏动指数、脑循环储备功能的变化。结果: 治疗后,B组总有效率为92.5%,明显高于C组的72.5%（P＜0.05）。3组治疗后NIHSS、mRS评分均较治疗前明显下降(P＜0.05),且B组两项评分明显低于C组(P＜0.05)。3组治疗后Vp、Vm 均较前明显升高,DVp、DVm及血管搏动指数较前明显下降,脑循环储备功能明显改善(P＜0.05);A、B组各项参数均优于C组（P＜0.05）,且B组优于A组（P＜0.05）。结论: 丁苯酞注射液联合脑循环功能仪治疗可显著改善急性脑梗死患者的神经功能,纠正脑循环状态异常。     

模糊物元模型评价当归不同提取部位的活血作用

目的：筛选当归活血的有效部位;探讨模糊物元模型在当归不同提取部位活血效果综合评价中的应用。方法：以皮下注射盐酸肾上腺素结合冰水浴建立急性大鼠血瘀模型,通过检测血液流变学及凝血4项[凝血酶原时间（PT）,活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）和凝血酶时间（TT）,纤维蛋白原含量（FIB）]指标,评价当归不同提取部位的活血效果;运用基于变异系数权重的模糊物元模型对活血的效果进行综合评价。结果：部位1~7均能降低大鼠全血黏度和血浆黏度,部位2能明显延长PT、TT时间（P<0.05）。反映活血总效应的最大贴进度值为0.527（70%乙醇浸渍部位）。结论：70%乙醇浸渍部位为当归活血的有效部位;基于变异系数权重的模糊物元模型可客观、准确地评价当归不同提取部位活血的综合效果。     

Cold atmospheric plasma modulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase signalling and enhances burn wound neovascularisation

Treatment with cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been reported to promote wound healing in animals. However, how this process is mediated remains unclear. In this study we examined the mechanisms which underlie the improved wound healing effects of CAP and the roles of associated reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), which are generated by plasma. By using in vitro models which mimicked various steps of angiogenesis, we demonstrated that CAP triggered the production of nitric oxide (NO), and enhanced cell migration and the assembly of endothelial cells into vessel-like structures. These are both hallmarks of the proliferative phase of wound healing. Using a mouse model of a third-degree burn wound, we went on to show that CAP treatment was associated with enhanced angiogenesis, characterised by accelerated in vivo wound healing and increased cellular proliferation. Here, CAP significantly increased the in vivo production of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), an enzyme that catalyses NO synthesis in endothelial cells, and significantly increased the expression of pro-angiogenic PDGFRβ and CD31 markers in mouse wounds. Mechanistically, we showed that CAP induced eNOS phosphorylation and activation, thereby increasing the levels of endogenous NO in endothelial cells. Increased NO generation facilitated by CAP further stimulated important pro-angiogenic VEGFA/VEGFR2 signalling in vitro. This proof-of-concept study may guide future efforts aimed at addressing the use of physical plasma and its therapeutic applications in a variety of pathological scenarios. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Solid lipid nanocarriers in drug delivery: characterization and design

Introduction: Solid lipid nanoparticles are promising drug carriers for systemic circulations as well as local applications. One of the major challenges for drug delivery is designing nanocarriers for efficient delivery of active substances to the target site and facilitating drug absorption.

Areas covered: In this article, the effects of excipients and particle preparation methods on the properties of solid lipid nanocarriers (SLNCs) and their impact on drug absorption and efficacies related to different administration routes are reviewed and discussed.

Expert opinion: SLNCs have special characteristics, making them attractive as drug delivery systems, for parenteral and oral delivery for systemic effects, or ocular, pulmonary and topical delivery to enhance local treatment efficacy and reducing systemic side effects. Both excipients and fabrication methods are crucial for the function and size of nanoparticles and should be considered simultaneously in designing particles to obtain the optimal drug absorption and efficacy, especially for local treatments. Despite the demonstrated advantages by the preclinical studies, further studies on improved understanding of the interactions of SLNCs with biological tissues of the target site is necessary for efficient designing functional nanoparticles for clinical applications.

Abbreviations: DG: diglycerides; FFA: free fatty acids; GMS: glyceryl monostearate; MG: monoglycerides; NLC: nanostructured lipid carriers; PL: phospholipids; SLM: solid lipid microparticles; SLN: solid lipid nanoparticles; SLNC: solid lipid nanocarriers; TG: triglycerides.     

益气养阴活血法对糖尿病肾病患者血液流变学的影响

目的:观察益气养阴活血法对糖尿病肾病患者血液流变学的影响。方法:选择本院2015年1月—2016年1月就诊的糖尿病肾病患者72例,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各36例。对照组给予厄贝沙坦治疗,观察组以益气养阴为治疗大法,给予自拟中药方剂治疗。观察两组患者治疗前后血液流变学指标变化情况及肾功能[血尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen,BUN)、肌酐(serum creatinine,SCR)、尿白蛋白排泄率(urinary albumin excretion rates,UAER)及24 h尿微量白蛋白(uric micro-albumin in 24 h,24h UMA)]相关指标。结果:两组患者治疗后血液流变学指标改善情况优于治疗前,且观察组优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组治疗后BUN、UAER、Scr及24h UMA低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:益气养阴活血法可有效改善糖尿病肾病患者血液高凝状态,从而促进微循环的改善,减少肾损害,延缓病情的进展。     

活血化瘀法治疗肢体闭塞性动脉硬化症136例效果探讨

目的探讨活血化瘀法治疗肢体闭塞性动脉硬化症临床应用效果。方法对照组接受临床常规西医治疗,研究组在西医常规治疗基础上加用中医活血化瘀法,记录两组肢体闭塞性动脉硬化症患者临床疗效。结果两组肢体闭塞性动脉硬化症患者均顺利完成相应治疗,研究组临床治疗总有效率(86.03%)显著高于对照组(61.76%),数据对比P0.05。结论肢体闭塞性动脉硬化症患者在常规西医治疗基础上加用中医活血化瘀法可显著提高其临床疗效,有利于保障患者生活质量及身心健康。